Muhammed Ali's Reforms is an 
Egyptian decision.
The requirements are at least 5 prestige and an average consciousness of 2.0.
It gives a 50% modifier to research points, but 0.05 consciousness every month for 10 years. It will greatly help Egypts attempt at westernization.
It is relatively easy to fulfill the requirements early, but it might be better to wait for a while because the bonus research points are a modifier to base research points pr. month. They will increase as the game goes on, when the player promotes 
clergymen and literacy improves.