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| {{version|Heart of Darkness}} | | {{version|Heart of Darkness}} |
| '''Great Wars''' are a special type of war in Victoria 2. After the concept of Great Wars has been discovered in the year 1890, any war in which there are at least two [[great power]]s on each side will become a Great War. Aside from regular wargoals, Great Wars have a default war goal: Great War capitulation, meaning that the war leader of the losing side must disarm its military and pay reparations for a certain amount of time. Because of this wargoal, Great Wars require a higher warscore to enforce peace than normal wars. | | ''' 大战''' 是《维多利亚2》中的一种特殊类型的战争。在1890年，“大战”的概念被发现之后，任何一场双方至少有两个[[ 列强]] 的战争都将成为大战。除了常规的战争目标外，大战还有一个默认的战争目标：大战投降，这意味着失败一方的战争领袖必须解除其军事武装，并在一定时间内支付赔偿金。由于这一作战目标，大战需要比正常战争更高的战争分数来实现和平。在大战中，追加不合理的战争目标所增加的[[恶名]]减少到三分之一。 |
| War justification (infamy gained by actions) in great wars is reduced to one third the normal time required.
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| Sometimes there can be two great wars simultaneously. In these situations, a third of the great powers might be involved in a Great War and sometimes, all great powers participate in a Great War.
| | 有时会同时发生两场大战。在这种情况下，三分之一的大国可能卷入一场大战中；而有时，所有大国都会卷入同一场大战。 |
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| [[File:Double_Greatwar.PNG]] | | [[File:Double_Greatwar.PNG]] |
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| ==Outbreak== | | == 爆发== |
| A regular war becomes a Great war if it have minimum of 2 [[Great power]]s on each side, and great wars have been [[invention|invented]].
| | 当“大战”[[ 事件]] 已经发生，并且一场战争的双方都有至少两个列强时，这场战争就会成为大战。 |
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| The most common cause for the outbreak of a Great War is a [[crisis]], due to the fact they will often put multiple great powers against each other. For this reason, a player wishing to prevent the outbreak of a Great War must have mastery of any crises that emerge. Aside from this, it can be very difficult to deliberately prevent outbreak, unless isolationism is simply opted for.
| | 爆发大战最常见的原因是[[ 危机]] ，因为危机中往往会有多个列强相互对抗。出于这个原因，希望阻止大战爆发的玩家必须掌握每一个危机。除此之外，阻止大战爆发非常困难。 |
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| ==Strategy== | | == 策略== |
| Great Wars can have severe effects on a nation's populace and economy, especially when fought on home soil. For this reason it is wise, just like the Great Powers in 1914, to mobilise quickly as soon as war looks inevitable. If possible, a quick drive into the heart of enemy territory once war is declared akin to that of Germany's Schlieffen plan can be a knock-out blow, but it is wise not to repeat the delusions of Germany in 1914; a defensive strategy must be considered.
| | 卷入大战会对国家的人民和经济产生严重的影响，尤其是在本土作战时。出于这个原因，一旦战争不可避免，立即动员起来是明智之举，就像1914年的那些列强一样。如果可能的话，一旦战争爆发，立即执行类似于德国的施利芬计划，迅速进入敌国领土的中心地带，就能给敌国造成致命的打击，但要注意不要重蹈1914年德国的覆辙；同时，也必须考虑防御战略。 |
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| While it is good to try and create your own strategies to end a Great War it is wise to learn from the actual people who fought in the First World War. Using the landscape around is key - for example, Germany had the very wise decision to take all the high ground for a natural defense in the First World War; this caused massive casualties against impeding British and French attacks. You should always try to create a defensive line on strategically beneficial land. It is also imperative to establish a naval [[blockade]] on your enemies' coast for the faster war score increase to end the war sooner.
| | 虽然尝试创造自己的战略来结束大战是值得赞许的，但是向第一次世界大战中实际战斗的人学习也是明智的选择。利用周围的环境是关键——例如，德国在第一次世界大战中做出了一个非常明智的决定，占据了所有高地作为自然防线，这在阻碍英国和法国的进攻时造成了巨大的伤亡。你也应该一直努力在战略有利的土地上建立一条防线。使用海军封锁敌人的港口也是有必要的，以便更快地增加战争分数，从而更早结束战争。 |
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| Since Great powers have colonial nations overseas there is a tendency that they have huge manpower stocks leading to huge stacks of men being hurtled at each other. Getting yourself into a single pitched battle is possibly the biggest mistake ever; it is much better to spread your troops in medium stacks and look to whittle your enemy until a break in their defense appears. This is much better than, say, getting oneself into a "meat-grinder" (that is, a battle involving a huge number of troops with massive casualties) but if enough troops are available it might be a viable strategy to catch the enemy and use it as a distraction.
| | 由于列强在海外一般都有殖民地，因此这会形成一种趋势，即他们拥有大量的人力资源，导致战场上拥挤着大量兵力。把自己的所有兵力投入到一场战斗中可能是你犯过的最大的错误；最好是将你的部队分散成中等规模，并设法削弱你的敌人，直到他们的防御出现缺口，这比让自己陷入“绞肉机”要好得多。但如果你有足够的兵力，咬住敌人并利用它分散注意力也是一个可行的战略。 |
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| While this is dark it must be said, due to the mass amounts of casualties and damage a great war can do to both the victor and defeated it is a valid strategy to also undermine your allies. You could not participate in large battles and let allies do most of the lifting. While this will make them the victor and also determine the goals achieved, to what avail would it be if the country's man power stock was completely wiped? This would leave you, who took a step back, complete dominance of the global stage and be able to snag those ripe territories of newly discovered rubber and oil. This would leave the resources completely out of the reach of their weakened allies, which in a few years would give you huge amounts of revenue from the automobile and aeroplane industries.
| | 虽然听起来很黑暗，但必须指出的是，由于大规模的伤亡和破坏，一场大战会同时给胜利者和失败者造成伤害，不过如果你想削弱你的盟友，这也是一个有效的战略——你不去参加大型战斗，而让盟友来完成大部分任务。虽然这将使他们成为胜利者，也实现了他们的目标，但如果他们的人力资源被消耗殆尽了，这一切又有什么用呢？这将使躲在后方的你在世界舞台上完全占据主导地位，并能够抓住那些将要新发现橡胶和石油的宝贵土地。这些资源将完全脱离实力较弱的盟友的控制，而几年之后，你将从汽车和飞机行业获得巨额收入。 |
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| In conclusion, Great Wars can be strategically similar to normal wars. It is worth noting, however, that it is wise to draft war plans in advance and to prepare for a worst-case scenario. Whilst certainly possible, do not assume the war will be over by Christmas.
| | 总之，大战在战略上可以与普通战争相似。然而值得注意的是，事先起草战争计划，并为最坏的情况作准备是明智的选择。以及，不要想当然地以为战争会在圣诞节前结束。 |
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| ==Peace== | | == 和平== |
| Treaties after Great Wars can be incredibly brutal. It is likely some key territory will be taken from a defeated nation, as well as economic reparations demanded. In the position of Great Power, or even war leader, it is easy to take as much as possible from a defeated nation, even to the detriment of your allies who will also have added wargoals. It is not wise to be too greedy, as defeat in Great Wars is very humiliating for a nation and will lead to many startling consequences in the future. The same can be said of depriving an ally of a large number of wargoals.
| | 大战后签订的条约可能极其残酷。它很可能会从战败国家手中夺走重要的领土，并要求经济赔偿。对于列强，甚至是战争领导者来说，从战败国身上获取尽可能多的东西是很容易的，哪怕这会损害你的盟友，因为他们也会增加战争目标。但是，过于贪婪是不明智的，因为在大战中的失败对一个国家来说非常丢脸，并且在将来可能导致许多令人震惊的后果。同样，剥夺盟友的大量战争目标也是如此。 |
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| ==World War== | | == 世界大战== |
| With [[patch 3.04]], a Great War can become a World War after [[Mass Politics]] (1905) is researched and the winning side gains 50% or more warscore. After this all [[casus belli|wargoals]] have their cost cut to 30% allowing you to really dismantle stuff at the end of the game.<ref>[https://forum.paradoxplaza.com/forum/index.php?threads/victoria-ii-v3-04-for-non-steam-clients-checksum-wnvu.907301/ 3.04 BETA patch]</ref>
| | 在[[patch 3.04]] 更新后，大战可能会升级为世界大战，这需要研究[[ 文化科技#政治思想|大众政治]] （1905），并且胜方拥有至少50% 的战争分。世界大战触发后，所有的战争目标花费的战争分将减少到30% ，允许你彻底地砸碎旧的世界秩序。<ref>[https://forum.paradoxplaza.com/forum/index.php?threads/victoria-ii-v3-04-for-non-steam-clients-checksum-wnvu.907301/ 3.04 BETA patch]</ref> |
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| == References == | | == References == |
| <references/> | | <references/> |
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| [[Category:Diplomacy]] | | [[Category: 外交]] |
大战是《维多利亚2》中的一种特殊类型的战争。在1890年，“大战”的概念被发现之后，任何一场双方至少有两个列强的战争都将成为大战。除了常规的战争目标外，大战还有一个默认的战争目标：大战投降，这意味着失败一方的战争领袖必须解除其军事武装，并在一定时间内支付赔偿金。由于这一作战目标，大战需要比正常战争更高的战争分数来实现和平。在大战中，追加不合理的战争目标所增加的恶名减少到三分之一。
有时会同时发生两场大战。在这种情况下，三分之一的大国可能卷入一场大战中；而有时，所有大国都会卷入同一场大战。
爆发
当“大战”事件已经发生，并且一场战争的双方都有至少两个列强时，这场战争就会成为大战。
爆发大战最常见的原因是危机，因为危机中往往会有多个列强相互对抗。出于这个原因，希望阻止大战爆发的玩家必须掌握每一个危机。除此之外，阻止大战爆发非常困难。
策略
卷入大战会对国家的人民和经济产生严重的影响，尤其是在本土作战时。出于这个原因，一旦战争不可避免，立即动员起来是明智之举，就像1914年的那些列强一样。如果可能的话，一旦战争爆发，立即执行类似于德国的施利芬计划，迅速进入敌国领土的中心地带，就能给敌国造成致命的打击，但要注意不要重蹈1914年德国的覆辙；同时，也必须考虑防御战略。
虽然尝试创造自己的战略来结束大战是值得赞许的，但是向第一次世界大战中实际战斗的人学习也是明智的选择。利用周围的环境是关键——例如，德国在第一次世界大战中做出了一个非常明智的决定，占据了所有高地作为自然防线，这在阻碍英国和法国的进攻时造成了巨大的伤亡。你也应该一直努力在战略有利的土地上建立一条防线。使用海军封锁敌人的港口也是有必要的，以便更快地增加战争分数，从而更早结束战争。
由于列强在海外一般都有殖民地，因此这会形成一种趋势，即他们拥有大量的人力资源，导致战场上拥挤着大量兵力。把自己的所有兵力投入到一场战斗中可能是你犯过的最大的错误；最好是将你的部队分散成中等规模，并设法削弱你的敌人，直到他们的防御出现缺口，这比让自己陷入“绞肉机”要好得多。但如果你有足够的兵力，咬住敌人并利用它分散注意力也是一个可行的战略。
虽然听起来很黑暗，但必须指出的是，由于大规模的伤亡和破坏，一场大战会同时给胜利者和失败者造成伤害，不过如果你想削弱你的盟友，这也是一个有效的战略——你不去参加大型战斗，而让盟友来完成大部分任务。虽然这将使他们成为胜利者，也实现了他们的目标，但如果他们的人力资源被消耗殆尽了，这一切又有什么用呢？这将使躲在后方的你在世界舞台上完全占据主导地位，并能够抓住那些将要新发现橡胶和石油的宝贵土地。这些资源将完全脱离实力较弱的盟友的控制，而几年之后，你将从汽车和飞机行业获得巨额收入。
总之，大战在战略上可以与普通战争相似。然而值得注意的是，事先起草战争计划，并为最坏的情况作准备是明智的选择。以及，不要想当然地以为战争会在圣诞节前结束。
和平
大战后签订的条约可能极其残酷。它很可能会从战败国家手中夺走重要的领土，并要求经济赔偿。对于列强，甚至是战争领导者来说，从战败国身上获取尽可能多的东西是很容易的，哪怕这会损害你的盟友，因为他们也会增加战争目标。但是，过于贪婪是不明智的，因为在大战中的失败对一个国家来说非常丢脸，并且在将来可能导致许多令人震惊的后果。同样，剥夺盟友的大量战争目标也是如此。
世界大战
在patch 3.04更新后，大战可能会升级为世界大战，这需要研究大众政治（1905），并且胜方拥有至少50%的战争分。世界大战触发后，所有的战争目标花费的战争分将减少到30%，允许你彻底地砸碎旧的世界秩序。[1]
References
