The Newlands Resolution is a decision for 
USA regarding the annexation of 
Hawaii.
It requires that USA has sphered Hawaii and have invented Nationalism and Imperialism. It is not possible to take if Hawaii is controlled by a player nation, so one does not have to fear it, when playing as Hawaii. (except in Vanilla)
The decision annexes Hawaii, adds an American core and gives USA 2 prestige.
Initially no one but USA has an interest in sphering Hawaii, so USA is often let in peace to take the decision.