叛军使得国家在高斗争性的时期面临动荡。他们的部队将在斗争性很高的地区出现，并立即围攻各省。
你会面对各种各样的叛军。它们会出现在哪里、为什么会出现，都在一定程度上可以预测。叛军类型之间的差异将决定他们的目标是什么，他们在占领一个省后是否会获得增援，以及他们是否能迅速恢复（即叛军在被击败后会被摧毁，还是你必须继续追击他们）。叛军可能会有将领，其中一些甚至会拥有军事战略和战术的特性。某些特定的反叛分子也可能具有某种“更高”的机制，例如要求一种新的政体。
斗争性与叛乱风险
高斗争性的人群有叛乱的风险。叛乱概率百分比（每天）通过颜色和工具栏提示显示在叛乱风险地图模式中。你的人民斗争性越高，他们叛乱的可能性就越大。你可以使用人口界面（按斗争性排序）追踪斗争性最高的人群，也可以通过使用叛乱风险地图模式来了解你的问题所在。
具有中高水平斗争度的人群会非常愤怒，他们会加入叛乱派系。这不是真正的叛乱，但他们同情叛军，因此他们会给叛乱派系捐款，促使派系组织起来。 具有高水平斗争度的人群很可能会发起叛乱（产生叛军单位）。当一个人群发起叛乱时，叛军的强度取决于这个人群的规模和所属叛乱派系的组织度。你的厌战度也可能影响叛乱风险。高额的行政开支将抵消叛乱派系的组织速度。 当叛军投入战斗并造成伤亡时，叛军对应的人群也将减少，就像兵团伤亡会减少士兵人群一样。
Different kinds of rebels
Rebels can either be nationalist or in favour of a specific government form. Nationalist rebels will occur if one country owns another country's cores. (e.g. Norwegian rebels in Sweden) If a nationalist revolution should succeed, it will need to control every state where it has cores in.
The other kinds of rebels try to force a new Government type. Jacobins will enforce more democratic types of government, while Communist, Fascist, Anarcho-liberals and Reactionary rebels will enforce their own dictatorships. They need to control the nation's capital until the start of the next year.
In Uncivilized nations reactionaries won't create a presidential dictatorship, but they will roll back 2 militant reforms and 2 economic reforms instead. This will be a catastrophe for any uncivilized nation as it will be put 20–30 years back
Jacobin Rebels Jacobins are one of the first types of rebels to appear in-game. Inspired by the leaders who were the cause of the French Reign of Terror, these rebels are fiercely liberal. When a nation is oppressive to its people or when a government is leaning toward anti-liberal policies, POPs with high enough militancy will join the Jacobin cause. Jacobin rebels will enforce a democracy should they succeed. They are a great way to shake a reactionary government loose. While they spawn in large numbers, in the hope to overwhelm the government, they are quite weak and easily beaten, as they have no leaders. A well-organized force of half the size of the rebel army is plenty to take them down. Don't let them overrun your military, and putting them down is easy.
Reactionary Rebels Reactionary rebels are one of the first types of rebels to appear in-game. When a nation is speeding along a liberal path, reactionaries create a roadblock. Reactionaries vary from absolute monarchism, to simply wanting to roll back liberal reforms. They are great for getting rid of a democratic government or constitutional monarchy. They will form an absolute monarchy, if a constitutional monarchy or a presidential dictatorship otherwise, if they succeed in a civilized nation, while they will simply roll westernising reforms back in uncivilized nations. Like Jacobins, they are very weak compared to your own forces. In Spain, Carlist Rebels, representing rival claimants to the throne, take the form of reactionaries.
Anarcho-Liberals These rebels appear early in the game, during the late 1840s. They demand a complete devolution of the state. They can be very annoying to deal with, as they often rise up with other factions to supplement their own forces. They will force a Bourgeois dictatorship should they succeed. Like Jacobins and reactionaries, they are very weak compared to your own forces.
Communist Rebels Appearing in the middle to late game, communist rebels champion the causes of the masses. They achieve popularity very quickly and can throw you off track. They will force a proletarian dictatorship if they take power. However, communist governments allow for a large amount of control compared to their democratic cousins. If you don't want a communist government, taking them down is quite easy.
Fascist Rebels In the last leg of the game, fascism becomes quite popular. Like communism, if you're not prepared, they can take you off-guard. However, fascist governments are very attractive, for they allow significant control over your nation. They will enforce a fascist dictatorship if they take power.
Nationalist Rebels Nationalist rebels appear at varying times in the game. More often than not, when you own land the does not have your cores in it, if you're oppressive to a certain group of people, or if another country has cores on your land, then nationalists will spawn. They come in two groups: "regular" nationalists appear in countries that have been completely absorbed by someone else, and must control all cores that belong to them in order to enforce their demands; Pan-nationalists appear under one of two circumstances, either when you control territory that has cores from another country that already exists, or in countries that belong to a specific nation, such as Scandinavia or Germany. Both types of nationalist rebels are stronger than most. They have leaders, are in their own homeland, and will fight tooth and nail to get back what was once theirs.
Other Rebels There are some rebels that can spawn as a result of events or decisions. Two Sicilies and India, for example, have certain types of rebels that attempt to form their nations, Italy and India, after a decision is made (for Sicily) or an event happens (for India).
革命
在《维多利亚2》中，叛乱与叛变有可能会转变为彻底的革命。每一个叛乱派系都会评估已经存在多少叛军、派系组织有多强大、政府军队的规模有多大（重要的是，海军规模是作为军队的一部分来计算的），以及如果他们发动一场普遍的起义（一场革命），有多少人群会支持他们（斗争性8或更高）。如果革命爆发，每一个支持叛军的人群都会发起叛乱，国家将陷入大麻烦。记住，叛军可以在战争期间产生，但他们在战争结束之前不能执行他们的要求。另外，如果士兵人群有很高的战斗力，那么人群所属的单位（团）可以在没有广泛起义和没有弹出消息的情况下叛变。
叛军执行要求
如果一个国家无法击败叛军，那么叛军就可以在这个国家强制执行要求。不同叛军执行要求的条件都不同。比如，民族主义叛军想要解放某个国家，所以他们需要占领这个国家的所有核心省份；泛民族主义叛军和意识形态叛军需要占领国家的首都，并坚持一段时间。